A survey of the frequency of polycystic ovary morphology in infertile patients with uterine abnormalities

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Several studies have shown an association between PCOS and mullerian anomalies. The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) in infertile patients with uterine anomalies (septate and arcuate uterine) who attended the Royan Research Institute in Tehran (Iran) between January 2021 and December 2022. Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 884 women who were experiencing infertility and referred to our Institute for 3D-hysterosonography. These women were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 127 infertile women with uterine anomalies, while the second group included 757 infertile women without uterine anomalies. The employed sampling method was convenience and available. The necessary data were acquired from the patients' files. Subsequently, the frequency of polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) was assessed and compared between the two groups. Result: Of the 884 patients with infertility who were evaluated, a total of 127 women (14.4%) were found to have uterine anomalies (septate and arcuate anomalies), while the remaining 757 women (85.6%) did not exhibit any such abnormalities. In the subgroup of patients with uterine anomalies, 112 women (88.1%) exhibited arcuate uterine, and 15 women (11.9%) presented with septate uterine. Our study demonstrated that the frequency of PCOM in patients with uterine anomalies was 40.9% (52 women) and in those without such anomalies was 14/7% (111 women) (p=0.0001). Conclusion: According to the study's findings, the prevalence of polycystic ovary morphology in women who have uterine anomalies is higher than in women without these anomalies.