Use of Minimal Amounts of Hyaluronidase in the Ultrasound-Guided Treatment of Acute Vascular Occlusion by Hyaluronic Acid: A Preliminary Report

Background Complications from hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are increasingly frequent, given the very high number of treatments performed every day worldwide. They are routinely treated with high doses of hyaluronidase, which can cause significant local and general unwanted effects.Objectives The aim of our work is to demonstrate that when the origin of the complication is precisely identified and treated under ultrasound guidance, a few hyaluronidase units are enough to treat it effectively.Methods Five young female patients came to our observation for vascular lesions from injection of HA fillers performed in the immediately preceding days, in 4 cases, and a few weeks earlier in the fifth case. All lesions were accurately identified by ultrasound and treated with hyaluronidase.Results The 4 promptly treated patients fully recovered with a hyaluronidase dose of 87 +/- 44 IU (range, 30-150 IU). The fifth patient, treated later, markedly improved regarding clinical picture and symptoms. No early or late side effects have been reported from this hyaluronidase dosage.Conclusions Our data confirm that if the lesion at the origin of the skin damage is precisely localized with ultrasound examination and treated under ultrasound guidance, a few units of hyaluronidase, injected directly into the HA accumulation, effectively resolve the skin damage. At the doses we used, which were much lower than those usually recommended, hyaluronidase proved to be not only effective but also free of any side effects.