Effect of the addition of graphite and graphene oxide in the mechanical properties and adsorption of CO₂ in cementitious filaments

The study evaluated various aspects of cementitious filaments incorporating graphite and graphene oxide in different proportions (0.01 %, 0.03 %, and 0.06 %) and their effects on physical -chemical properties, mechanical strength, extrudability, constructability, and CO2 adsorption. The findings indicate that adding nanomaterials did not hinder filament extrudability, and all variations were successfully extruded. Regarding constructability, filaments with graphene oxide supported up to the third layer, while those with graphite supported up to the fourth layer. The flexion traction test showed that filaments with 0.01 % and 0.03 % graphite and 0.01 % graphene oxide exhibited superior performance. In axial compression tests, filaments with graphene oxide outperformed the reference mortar. Moreover, mortars with added graphite and graphene oxide displayed better CO2 absorption compared to standard mortar, with an optimized composition identified for this parameter. Specifically, the sample with 0.1 % graphene oxide increased CO2 adsorption by approximately 2.5 % by mass. The study demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating nanomaterials, namely graphite and graphene oxide, into cementitious filaments for additive manufacturing, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties, constructability, and CO2 adsorption. The overall optimized composition, determined via the desirability function, featured cement filament supplemented with 0.03 % graphite (sample 0.03G), achieving 70.55 % optimization in this study 's parameters.