A Critical Review of the Material Characteristics, Utilizations, Limitations, and Advanced Applications of Ferrochrome Slag

The utilization of ferrochrome slag as a solid waste resource holds significant potential for reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainable practices. This review summarizes the material characteristics and utilizations of ferrochrome slag based on existing research. The benefits such as enhanced mechanical strength from 100% to 120% are indicated compared with conventional concrete. Furthermore, advanced utilization methods and environmental impact analyses indicate promising high-value applications. For instance, the leaching value of hexavalent chromium is generally below 0.5 mg/L, and a notable 14.4% reduction in environmental disturbance indicators according to life cycle assessment (LCA) analyses is noted. However, limitations persist, including the performance variations of ferrochrome slag, its impact on the shrinkage and durability of concrete when used as aggregate, and the underutilization of its material characteristics and waste heat resources during production. Suggestions for future research directions and improvement measures are proposed to promote the utilization value and broaden its application. Finally, the adoption of construction materials and the promotion of sustainable waste management practices are expected for the future utilization of ferrochrome slag.