Experimental observation of a time rondeau crystal: Temporal Disorder in Spatiotemporal Order
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Our understanding of phases of matter relies on symmetry breaking, one
example being water ice whose crystalline structure breaks the continuous
translation symmetry of space. Recently, breaking of time translation symmetry
was observed in systems not in thermal equilibrium. The associated notion of
time crystallinity has led to a surge of interest, raising the question about
the extent to which highly controllable quantum simulators can generate rich
and tunable temporal orders, beyond the conventional classification of order in
static systems. Here, we investigate different kinds of partial temporal
orders, stabilized by non-periodic yet structured drives, which we call rondeau
order. Using a ^13C-nuclear-spin diamond quantum simulator, we report the
first experimental observation of a – tunable degree of – short-time disorder
in a system exhibiting long-time stroboscopic order. This is based on a novel
spin control architecture that allows us to implement a family of drives
ranging from structureless via structured random to quasiperiodic and periodic
drives. Leveraging a high throughput read-out scheme, we continuously observe
the spin polarization over 105 pulses to probe rondeau order, with controllable
lifetimes exceeding 4 seconds. Using the freedom in the short-time temporal
disorder of rondeau order, we show the capacity to encode information in the
response of observables. Our work broadens the landscape of observed
nonequilibrium temporal order, paving the way for new applications harnessing
driven quantum matter.
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