Stimuli-responsive 19F MRI Probes: from Materials Design to in Vitro Detection and in Vivo Diagnosis

Accurate detection and diagnosis allow healthcare professionals to precisely identify patient's disease and enable the clinicians to implementation the most appropriate and effective treatment. While conventional 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has underscored vital utility in anatomical imaging and pathological examination, 19F MRI distinguishes itself for its heightened sensitivity, minimal background interference, and expansive chemical shift range. The merits of 19F MRI probes endowed with activatable capacities further facilitate in vitro detection and contribute significantly to disease diagnosis. As an emerging field, the endeavours in stimuli-responsive 19F MRI hold the potential for substantial long-term rewards, positioning it a pivotal asset in bioanalysis and biomedicine. Herein, we generalize the design of materials and implementation strategies of stimuli-responsive 19F MRI probes for in vitro detection and in vivo diagnosis. Furthermore, the main challenges and prospects of 19F MRI are thoroughly discussed to foster the advancement in the field of bioanalysis and biosensing.