Surface modification of membrane bioreactor by hybrid halloysite nanotubes for industrial wastewater treatment containing heavy metals

Surface modification of polysulfone (PSF) membrane bioreactor using hybrid halloysite nanotubes (HHNTs) and dendrimers was investigated for industrial wastewater treatment containing heavy metals. Petroleum wastewater was obtained from liquefied gas plant 1200 (NGL 1200) in Gachsaran, Iran. Polysulfone)PSF( membranes were fabricated using hybrid halloysite nanotubes and dendrimers at different concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt