Pulmonary Venous Thrombosis after Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children

Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations, imaging features, and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with pulmonary venous thrombosis (PVT) in children and to improve the understanding of PVT among clinicians. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a case of refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) with PVT and reviewed the related literature. We also summarized the clinical features of the disease and our experience in diagnosing and treating the patient. Results: Our case is a 5-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital for fever and cough that was persistent for ten days before admission. Chest CT of the child showed pneumonia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion. After treatment with anti-infection, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory medications, the symptoms of the child improved. Since the chest CT of the child showed atelectasis of the lung, we performed bronchoscopy. Bloody sputum was observed in the trachea, right main bronchus, and the lower bronchioles. Local hemostatic and systemic hemostatic agents were given for five days; however, bloody sputum was still observed during bronchoscopy. Finally, pulmonary vein and left atrium thrombosis were confirmed through chest CTA examination. Thrombi disappeared after anticoagulant therapy with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and warfarin, and there was no discomfort in the follow-up for two years. Conclusion: PTV may occur after mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for patient prognosis.