Investigating the surface energy budget of the continental boundary layer in the Arctic

Recent field campaigns in Alaska and Finland combining in situ observations and remote sensing are analysed to investigate the components of the surface energy budget of stable atmospheric boundary layers during Winter and Spring. Modulation of stability by a local flow in Central Alaska during the ALPACA (Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis) 2019 and 2022 campaigns is discussed. The representation of surface inversions over boreal forests by the surface layer scheme of WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) mesoscale model is also evaluated. The impact of mixed phase clouds on the surface energy budget is discussed relying on observations combining radar, lidar and radiometric measurements in Northern Finland during the IMPECCABLE (IMPact on the Energy budget of mixed-phase Clouds and Canopy in the Arctic Boundary LayEr) 2022-2023 campaign. The variability of surface emission is addressed using airborne drone measurements.