Deep Structure of the Western Alps Derived from New Data — P and S wave velocity images from Finite Frequency Tomography

The Western Alps are a crucial region for studying subduction-collision processes. The deep structure beneath the orogenic belts has been a topic of ongoing debate and has undergone continuous refined investigations. In this study, we utilized the most extensive dataset available, covering the period from 2012 to 2020, with 1093 stations. This dataset comprises 659 permanent stations, 110 CIFALPS and CIFALPS-2 temporary stations, along with 324 AlpArray temporary stations. We employed the finite-frequency method to conduct inversion of the regional deep velocity structure. Meticulous waveform analyses were performed across various frequency bands for both P and S waves (P: 0.1-0.5Hz, 0.5-2Hz; S: 0.05-0.1Hz, 0.1-0.5Hz). Additionally, for regions with insufficient ray coverage, we utilized the LSBP_Alpscrust1.0 model [Lu et al., 2020], derived from ambient noise tomography, to correct crustal velocities. We have presented for the first time the deep velocity results of S-waves, demonstrating a good consistency with the P-wave velocity structure. Additionally, we re-selected the dataset pairs for the inversion of Vp/Vs images. Our findings provide further insight into the underground structure beneath the Western Alps, uncovering the presence of a continuous subducted slab. Furthermore, in the southern part of the Western Alps, there is a potential indication of high Vp/Vs ratios within the depth range of 100-150 km.