Enhancement of biomass production of Ganoderma spp. (Polyporaceae) native strains from the Sonoran desert, Mexico, grown in liquid culture with vineyard pruning extracts

Background and Aims: Cultivation of Ganoderma on vineyard pruning wood chips improves the productivity and biochemical composition of their fruiting bodies. Consequently, it has gained traction as an alternative for recycling viticulture waste. The current trend is to increase the production of Ganoderma bioactive compounds in liquid culture. This work aims to evaluate the effect of vineyard pruning extracts on biomass in the liquid culture of Ganoderma native strains from the Sonoran desert, Mexico. Total triterpenoid and antioxidant capacity were prospected in the most competitive native strain vs. control strain. Methods: Vineyard pruning extracts of different polarity and concentrations were evaluated in a cornmeal -glucose -peptone liquid culture to grow Ganoderma spp. for seven days at 25 "C. The antioxidant capacity was determined with ORAC, FRAP, and TEAC assays. The total triterpenoid content was estimated using the spectrophotometric method. The structural analysis was determined by FTIR. Results: The highest overall biomass production was observed in Ganoderma oerstedii, followed by G. subincrustatum, G. weberianum, and G. lucidum (control strain). The highest biomass production was obtained with the polar extract at 500 mu g/l. The culture conditions produced a variable response in the antioxidant capacity. The highest total triterpenoid content (686 +/- 21 mu g/ml) was observed in G. oerstedii at nine days of culture. FTIR analysis showed the presence of hydroxyl and enol groups, and benzene rings characteristic of triterpenoids. Conclusions: Response surface analysis revealed that vineyard pruning extracts enhanced biomass production of Ganoderma spp. in liquid culture. The enhancement varied based on the species, polarity, and concentration of the extract. The antioxidant capacity and total triterpenoid content exhibit variations according to time and culture conditions.