Liver cancer rapid-testing POC low-cost diagnostic unit using novel dual-gate source-extended TFET based biosensor

This work discusses a rapid-testing, low-cost detection technique for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by investigating the performance of a Source Extended (SE) Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET) with a Single Gate (SG) and Dual Gate (DG) configuration where the cavities are formed by etching the oxide layer beneath the gate for the immobilisation of liver samples obtained by needle biopsy. The dielectric characteristics of malignant and non-malignant liver cell lines differ at high frequencies between 100 MHz and 5 GHz. The etched nanocavities' dielectric constant changes when the sample, which were previously filled with air, are immobilised there. The shift in device drain current and performance at 900 MHz has been attributed to the specimen's change in dielectric constant. The proposed device's ON-OFF state current ratio and the difference in drain current have been used as the basis for the detection, as the purpose of the device is to differentiate the cancerous and healthy liver cell lines. The SG configuration has been analysed by modulating the adhesive layer in the cavity. A comparison has been carried out between SG and DG structures. Various parameters of the DG device, like the gate metal, channel material, and the cavities' length, have been modified to observe the performance. The investigation also included a study that took into account the varying ratios of malignant and non-cancerous samples in a certain specimen. The proposed technique of detection has been contrasted with the other documented work. To determine whether the sample of liver cell lines is malignant or not, the proposed approach can be used as a point-of-care (POC) diagnosis.