Game theory based optimal sensor placement design for fault detection and isolation

The current work proposes a game theory based approach for optimal Sensor Placement Design (SPD) for Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) problems. In the proposed approach, both naturally occurring passive faults, as well as attacker induced active faults are considered. Similarly, apart from sensors (active sensors) to be specifically chosen from FDI perspective, existing (passive) sensors chosen for other requirements are also incorporated. The approach is thus suitable for SPD of modern day processes where the process is tightly coupled with automated and increasingly Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) based control and monitoring systems. In such systems, apart from naturally occurring process faults, faults induced by malicious action of an attacker are also of concern. The SPD problem is formulated as a zero-sum game between attacker (a set of passive and active faults) and detector (a set of passive and active sensors). The game payoff considered in the proposed work incorporates stochastic events such as occurrence of faults and sensor failures. The detector's Nash Equilibrium (NE) strategy is considered to be the optimal SPD for a given FDI problem. The utility of the proposed approach is demonstrated on an illustrative example and a CSTR case study.