Highly Electroactive Chitosan–Zinc Oxide–Cerium Oxide (cs–zno–ceo 2 ) Nanocomposites Modified Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of CA 15-3 in Human Serum

An efficient electrochemical transducer matrix for immunosensing must possess a variety of specialized characteristics, comprised of stability, quick electron transport, biocompatibility, having a large electroactive surface area, and exhibiting certain functional groups, to facilitate biomolecule attachment. For sensitive detection of CA 15-3 and to provide higher electroactive surface area, CS–ZnO–CeO2 nanocomposites were synthesized to modify the electrode surface and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The immunosensor shows a sensitive response with a sensitivity of 15.79 µAmUmL−1 and a linear range of 0.1–20 mUmL−1 with 1.24 mUmL−1 limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) for CA 15-3 detection. The immunosensor developed as a result was utilized to detect CA 15-3 in human serum samples without any pretreatment, only dilution, and recovery rates ranging from 91 to 95