Neuroenergetic Changes in Patients with X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism and Female Carriers

BackgroundX-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a rare movement disorder characterized by profound neurodegeneration in the basal ganglia. The molecular consequences and the bioenergetic state of affected individuals remain largely unexplored.ObjectivesTo investigate the bioenergetic state in male patients with XDP and female carriers using 31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging and to correlate these findings with clinical manifestations.MethodsWe examined the levels of high-energy phosphorus-containing metabolites (HEP) in the basal ganglia and cerebellum of five male patients with XDP, 10 asymptomatic female heterozygous carriers, and 10 SVA-insertion-free controls.ResultsHEP levels were reduced in the basal ganglia of patients with XDP (PwXDP) compared to controls, but increased in the cerebellum of both male patients and female carriers.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a potential compensatory mechanism in the cerebellum of female carriers regardless of sex. Our study highlights alterations in HEP levels in PwXDP patients and female carriers.