Multi-dimensional inorganic electrides for energy conversion and storage

Reflecting on the course of global development, the progress of high-performance new materials has played a pivotal role in human history. Researchers are vigorously developing new materials with superior performance, of which inorganic electrides are a typical example. Inorganic electrides, due to their unique physical and chemical properties, e.g., non-trivial topological states, high electron mobility, low work function, etc., exhibit essential application prospects in energy storage and conversion. In this review, we provide a systematic review of the development process, the formation mechanism, judgment indicators, classifications, physical and chemical properties, and potential applications of inorganic electrides, especially in the fields of energy conversion and storage, e.g., ammonia synthesis, metal ion (Li/Na/K) batteries, hydrogen evolution reaction, etc. Finally, relevant insights are provided on the challenges and opportunities facing multi-dimensional (0-, 1-, 2-, 3D) inorganic electrides. Multi-dimensional inorganic electrides exhibit outstanding advantages, including a low work function, high electron mobility, and superconductivity, etc. These properties render them promising for potential applications in the fields of ion batteries, electronic devices, catalysis.