Low-temperature CO preferential oxidation in H₂-rich stream over Indium modified Pd-Cu/Al₂O₃ catalyst

The impact of Indium (In) doping upon the catalytic performance of Pd-Cu/Al2O3 for carbon monoxide preferential oxidation (CO-PROX) in hydrogen (H-2) rich atmosphere at low temperature has been studied. A series of catalysts with extremely low palladium (Pd) loading (0.06 wt%) are synthesized by the facile co-impregnation method. When the In/copper (Cu) atomic ratio equals 0.25, Pd-Cu-In-0.25/Al2O3 can keep 40% CO conversion and 100% carbon dioxide (CO2) selectivity at least 120 min at 30 degrees C, which is significantly superior to the catalytic performance of Pd-Cu/Al2O3. The elaborate characterization findings reveal that the added In species to Pd-Cu/Al2O3 causes Indium oxide (In2O3) to generate, which produces the interaction of In2O3 with Pd-Cu/Al2O3, further promoting the dispersion of copper chloride hydroxide (Cu2Cl(OH)(3)). Moreover, the modification of In facilitates the re-oxidation of Pd-0 to Pd+ through reducing the formation of palladium hydride (PdHx) during the CO-PROX reaction. Meanwhile, the addition of In leads to the decrease of Cu+ electron cloud density, making it easier to be oxidized to Cu2+. Collectively, the easy re-oxidation of Pd-0 and Cu+ is favorable to fulfill the Wacker cycle between Pd and Cu species, thus improving the catalytic performance for CO-PROX.