Unveiling the Complex Molecular Dynamics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae: A Comprehensive Exploration and Future Perspectives in Harnessing Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms for Sustainable Progress

The focus on adopting practices that ensure long-term food production while minimizing environmental impacts has gained considerable prominence in sustainable agriculture. To achieve sustainable agricultural practices, plants must interact with the soil microbiome in a complex manner, which includes arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs). In fostering plant health and resilience, these microorganisms play an important role. The improved nutrient absorption facilitated by AMF is instrumental in promoting plant growth, development, and resistance to various environmental stresses. PSMs play a similarly significant role in this intricate interdependence, if not more so. The low solubility of phosphorus in soil makes it inaccessible to plants, a fundamental element in plant physiology. These insoluble phosphorus compounds are converted to readily available forms for plant uptake by PSMs, which secrete specific enzymes, primarily phosphatases. PSMs contribute to plant health in more ways than just phosphorus solubilization; they produce growth stimulants and create a robust environment, enhancing plant health overall. Ultimately, AM fungi and PSMs have a vital role to play in agriculture. According to this assessment, there is a need to address existing knowledge gaps and actively promote the comprehensive integration of these microorganisms into modern agricultural practices. To ensure a well-rounded perspective and successful implementation of these practices, it is critical to acknowledge potential challenges, such as education, technical expertise, regulatory hurdles, cost-effectiveness, and scaling up.