Uniquome: Construction and Decoding of a Novel Proteomic Atlas that Contains New Peptide Entities

Cellular and molecular uniqueness has recently gained eminent importance, due to the large amount of data produced by -omics technologies. Herein, we have constructed and decoded the 'Uniquome' by introduction of the new peptide entities: (a) 'Core Unique Peptide' (CrUP), defined as the peptide whose sequence is accommodated, specifically and exclusively, only in one protein in a given proteome, and also bears the minimum length of amino acid sequence; (b) 'Composite Unique Peptide' (CmUP), defined as the peptide composed by the linear unification of CrUPs, when two or more successive in order CrUPs overlap one another; (c) 'Family Unique Peptide' (FUP), defined as the CrUPs that are common between all members of a given family, but unique only for the protein members of the particular family, and (d) 'Universal Unique Peptides' (UUPs), which are the common CrUPs in a given protein across organisms, carrying the important ability to securely identify a protein independently of an organism. By these entities as a tool-box, we have analyzed the human and model organisms, respective, proteomes. We demonstrate that these novel peptide entities play a crucial role for protein identification, protein-function prediction, cell physiology, tissue pathology, therapeutic oncology and translational medicine. Finally, we suggest that across species the conserved sequences are not DNA nucleotides but CrUPs entities. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.