Ice Crystal Complexity and Link to the Cirrus Cloud Radiative Effect

Chapter 3 Ice Crystal Complexity and Link to the Cirrus Cloud Radiative Effect Emma Järvinen, Emma Järvinen Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorBastiaan van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven Center for Climate System Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USASearch for more papers by this authorNathan Magee, Nathan Magee Department of Physics, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USASearch for more papers by this authorSteven Neshyba, Steven Neshyba Department of Chemistry, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USASearch for more papers by this authorMartin Schnaiter, Martin Schnaiter Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorGuanglang Xu, Guanglang Xu Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorOlivier Jourdan, Olivier Jourdan Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Université Clermont Auvergne/OPGC/CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorDavid Delene, David Delene Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USASearch for more papers by this authorFritz Waitz, Fritz Waitz Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorSimone Lolli, Simone Lolli Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council of Italy, Tito, Italy CommSensLab, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorSeiji Kato, Seiji Kato NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA now at SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author Emma Järvinen, Emma Järvinen Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorBastiaan van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven Center for Climate System Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USASearch for more papers by this authorNathan Magee, Nathan Magee Department of Physics, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USASearch for more papers by this authorSteven Neshyba, Steven Neshyba Department of Chemistry, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USASearch for more papers by this authorMartin Schnaiter, Martin Schnaiter Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorGuanglang Xu, Guanglang Xu Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorOlivier Jourdan, Olivier Jourdan Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Université Clermont Auvergne/OPGC/CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorDavid Delene, David Delene Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USASearch for more papers by this authorFritz Waitz, Fritz Waitz Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorSimone Lolli, Simone Lolli Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council of Italy, Tito, Italy CommSensLab, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorSeiji Kato, Seiji Kato NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA now at SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Sylvia C. Sullivan, Sylvia C. SullivanSearch for more papers by this authorCorinna Hoose, Corinna HooseSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 December 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119700357.ch3Book Series:Geophysical Monograph Series AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Summary The aim of this chapter is to present emerging information on ice crystal morphology in the nano- and microscale from various sources, and explore its impact on ice crystal's single-scattering properties and ultimately on cirrus cloud radiative effect. Increasing amount of observations in the last decade have shown that cirrus ice crystals invariably contain some degree of facet roughness, hollowness, or other morphological complexities that make the crystal shape deviate from that of a pristine hexagonal shape. These morphological complexities are found to be present in a wide variety of environmental conditions. A set of physical and statistical complexity parameters is used to quantify ice crystal complexity depending on the application. Although laboratory studies have shown that complexity parameters tend to increase with increasing crystal growth rate, observations in natural cirrus indicate that complexity parameters only weakly vary at cirrus temperatures below 230 K. Morphological complexities affect the optical properties of ice crystals. Implementing the optical properties of complex ice crystals in climate models has shown that the radiative effect of crystal complexity is a cooling of 1–2 Wm −2 globally. Due to the prevalence of ice crystal morphological complexities and their influence on cirrus radiative properties, the radiative effect of crystal complexity should be taken into account in future climate models. 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