An Overview of Different Models Used in the Deterministic Approach for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping

Landslides, which can cause fatalities, property damage, and economic disruption, are some of the most catastrophic natural disasters in hilly areas. Researchers have created landslide susceptibility maps to forecast rainfall-induced landslides, particularly in hill site developments. A physically based model is more familiar in rainfall-induced landslide analysis, which consists of hydrological and infinite slopestability models. This paper discusses the susceptibility of rainfall-induced landslides through four approaches: shallow landslide stability model, stability index mapping, transient rainfall infiltration, gridbased regional slope-stability model, and Yon-Sey slope model. The basic concepts, applications and limitations of each model are highlighted. SINMAP and SHALTAB do not consider the infiltration and groundwater flow temporally compared to TRIGRS and YS models. Nonetheless, TRIGRS solely considers 1-dimensional infiltration versus time without spatially compromising groundwater flow. Besides, YS-Slope considers regional and temporal distributions of fluctuations in groundwater variations, which can predict shallow and deep-seated failure. Further exploration needs to be carried out due to the limitations of applying these four models, which are applicable to simple landslide processes in relatively homogenous and suitable geomorphology and geology conditions.