The Efficacy of Bi0.46Y0.04K0.5ZrO3 Doped Three-Step Sintering to Accomplish High Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Properties in New Lead-Free NaNbO3-based Materials

The novel (1-x) NaNbO3-xBi0.46Y0 & sdot;04K0 & sdot;5ZrO3(x = 0.06, 0.09, 0.12 & 0.15), a polycrystalline lead-free ceramic composite made by the traditional solid-state technique, has been extensively studied for its multi-application in the three-step sintering process. The Rietveld refinement of the diffraction pattern shows a perovskite structure with a Pmc21 space group between 0.06 and 0.15. Scherrer's formula and Williamson-Hall plots are used to calculate crystallite size and strain. The Raman spectra have absorbed many vibrational spectral lines and moved to a lower frequency between 100 and 800 cm-1. FE-SEM and TEM images indicate well-defined and diverse grout morphology. The diffused absorbance spectra determine the band structure values of the prepared samples, which are found to be 3.16 eV-3.36 eV in the UV-Vis spectrum. Photoluminescence spectra exhibit the emission bands in the green (522 nm), yellow (575 nm), and red (693 nm) wavelength ranges. Dielectric data have lower symmetry at temperatures ranging from 103 to 106 Hz. Increasing the doping concentration of the material not only strengthens the ferroelectric and piezoelectric coefficient properties, but also enhances the voltage constant g33(49-88Vm/N) and the transduction coefficient d33 x g33(22135 x 10-15m3J). These improvements make the material suitable for applications requiring efficient energy conversion and sensing capabilities.