Two episodes of mid-Neoproterozoic mafic magmatism in the Hong'an Terrane, Central China: Records of continental rifting during the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent

The mid-Neoproterozoic (800-635 Ma) tectonic regime along the northern margin of the Yangtze Block is still debated, particularly the timing and mode of transition from a subduction-related setting to a rifting-related setting. The new identification of two episodes of mafic magmatism, represented by (I) 736-710 Ma Daleishan and (II) 635 Ma Hong'an intrusions in the Hong'an Terrane, central China, provides new constraints on the nature of their mantle source and tectonic evolution of the northern Yangtze Block. (I) Daleishan mafic rocks are tholeiitic in composition and exhibit N-MORB- to arc-like trace element patterns. They have variable whole-rock initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7041 to 0.7092), eNd(t) (-2.98 to +2.17), and eHf(t) (+3.37 to +10.25) values. Their magmatic zircons preserve relatively homogeneous delta 18O (+4.50 to +6.01 parts per thousand) and highly variable eHf(t) (+1.3 to +13.1) values. Chemical compositions and modeling results suggest that Daleishan rocks were derived from a depleted asthenospheric mantle source with involvement of recycled sediment component, and the magma subsequently underwent 5-15% contamination by the wall-rocks during its emplacement. (II) Hong'an mafic rocks mainly show E-MORB- to arc-like geochemical features with more enriched Hf-Nd isotopes [zircon eHf(t) = -3.0 to +3.6; whole-rock eNd(t) = -6.87 to -0.75, and eHf(t) = -0.50 to +2.00], suggesting they were derived from the interactions between the asthenosphere and the previously-metasomatized lithospheric mantle. Integrating the new data with previous results for the Neoproterozoic rocks in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block (including the Qinling-Dabie orogen), we emphasize that episodic extension-related asthenosphere upwelling in a continental rifting setting, coupled with interactions between the asthenosphere and the lithosphere, played a prominent role in the formation of the 780-635 Ma bimodal-type magmatic rocks and diverse geochemical features in the mafic counterparts.