PHYTOCHROME A Controls the DNA Damage Response and Cell Death Tolerance Within the Arabidopsis Root Meristem.

The DNA damage response avoids mutations into dividing cells. Here, we analysed the role of photoreceptors on the restriction of root growth imposed by genotoxic agents and its relationship with cell viability and performance of meristems. Comparison of root growth of Arabidopsis WT, phyA-211, phyB-9, and phyA-211phyB-9 double mutants unveiled a critical role for phytochrome A (PhyA) in protecting roots from genotoxic stress, regeneration and cell replenishment in the meristematic zone. PhyA was located on primary root tips, where it influences genes related to the repair of DNA, including ERF115 and RAD51. Interestingly, phyA-211 mutants treated with zeocin failed to induce the expression of the repressor of cell cycle MYB3R3, which correlated with expression of the mitotic cyclin CycB1, suggesting that PhyA is required for safeguarding the DNA integrity during cell division. Moreover, the growth of the primary roots of PhyA downstream component HY5 and root growth analyses in darkness suggest that cell viability and DNA damage responses within root meristems may act independently from light and photomorphogenesis. These data support novel roles for PhyA as a key player for stem cell niche maintenance and DNA damage responses, which are critical for proper root growth.