A review: polysaccharide-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications

Hydrogels are defined as three-dimensional cross-linked (either physically or chemically) polymeric network which have tendency to retain a good quantity of liquid/fluid. In this study, we explore the exceptional properties of polysaccharides that render them invaluable for biomedical applications, particularly in the development of hydrogels. Hydrogels based on chitosan-, guar gum-, dextran-, cellulose-, and starch-based hydrogel exhibit a remarkable capacity for water absorption, providing a biocompatible and hydrated environment conducive for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, their inherent biodegradability, non-toxicity, and low immunogenicity make them ideal candidates for sustained drug delivery systems. Additionally, the tunable chemical structure of chitosan, guar gum, dextran, cellulose, and starch allows for customization to meet specific therapeutic requirements. These distinctive attributes position chitosan, guar gum, dextran, cellulose, and starch as a promising material in the advancement of hydrogel-based biomedical technologies, offering significant potential for a wide range of clinical applications. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the diverse biomedical applications of chitosan-, guar gum-, dextran-, cellulose-, and starch-based hydrogels. Focusing on areas such as wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine, we delve into the specific attributes of polysaccharides that make them instrumental in these crucial domains. By elucidating the unique properties and versatile functionalities of polysaccharide-based hydrogels, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of innovative solutions in biomedicine. This comprehensive review examines the pivotal role of chitosan-, guar gum-, dextran-, cellulose-, and starch-based hydrogels in a range of specialized biomedical applications.