A Review on Biosynthesis Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Using Leaves Extract

A nanoparticle is a branch of nanotechnology that deals with nano-scale materials with very small particle sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm. Metal oxide nanoparticles are more promising than the many other nanoparticles available because they have unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. Zinc oxide is one of the abundantly produced metal oxides after silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide. However, these methods of production are typically costly, labour-intensive, and can harm the environment and living organisms. Therefore, green synthesis (biosynthesis) is a good alternative where plants are used to assist nanoparticles synthesis which has eco-friendly benefits compared to chemical and physical methods. This biosynthesis method uses simple procedures, easily accessible raw materials, and a conducive environment for the synthesis process, where the precursors are safe and reduce the possibilities of harmful by-products being produced. Therefore, this review paper is focused on summaries of the biosynthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles from leaf extract such as Mangifera Indica (Mango), Ixora Cocconea (Jungle Geranium), Corymbia Citridora (Lemon-scented Gum) as a new development of green technology beneficial to the environment and to the plant itself. It also describes the progress made in the understanding of the mechanism routes reported in this review.