Untreated Hypogonadism and Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Hypogonadal Men Are Associated with a Decreased Risk of Subsequent Prostate Cancer: a Population-Based Study

Kian Asanad,Joshua J. Horns,Nathan Driggs,Mary K. Samplaski,James M. Hotaling

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPOTENCE RESEARCH（2024）

Institute of Urology | Surgical Population Analysis Research Core | Division of Urology

Cited 0|Views10

Abstract

We sought to understand the relationship between hypogonadism and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in hypogonadal men on the risk of developing localized and metastatic prostate cancer. We used the Merative MarketScan database of commercial claims encounters to identify men diagnosed with hypogonadism. These men were matched to eugonadal men who served as controls. Multivariate negative binomial regression analysis of prostate cancer diagnoses, hypogonadism, and TRT in hypogonadal men adjusting for various known confounding factors was used to understand the impact of hypogonadism and TRT on prostate cancer risk. We identified 3,222,904 men who met inclusion criteria, of which 50% were diagnosed with hypogonadism (1,611,452) and each were matched to a control (1,611,452). The incidence of prostate cancer was 2.16%, 1.55%, and 1.99% in eugonadal controls, hypogonadal men on TRT, and hypogonadal men without TRT, respectively (p < 0.001). Untreated hypogonadism was independently associated with a decreased risk of localized prostate cancer (IRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.43–0.50, p < 0.001) compared to eugonadal controls. Hypogonadal men on TRT also had a significantly decreased risk of localized prostate cancer (IRR 0.49, 95% CI 0.45–0.53, p < 0.001). Furthermore, hypogonadal men on TRT (IRR 0.21, 95% CI 0.19–0.24, p < 0.001) or without TRT (IRR 0.20, 95% CI 0.18–0.22, p < 0.001) both had significantly decreased risk of metastatic prostate cancer, respectively. Our population-based analysis suggests that untreated hypogonadism in men is associated with a 50% decreased incidence of localized prostate cancer and an 80% decreased incidence of metastatic prostate cancer. TRT in hypogonadal men was also associated with a decreased risk of subsequent prostate cancer. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between hypogonadism and TRT in hypogonadal men on the risk of subsequent prostate cancer.

Translated text

Key words

Prostate Cancer,Hormone Therapy,Metastatic Prostate Cancer

求助PDF

上传PDF

Bibtex

AI Read Science

AI Summary

AI Summary is the key point extracted automatically understanding the full text of the paper, including the background, methods, results, conclusions, icons and other key content, so that you can get the outline of the paper at a glance.

Example

Background

Key content

Introduction

Methods

Results

Related work

Fund

Key content

Pretraining has recently greatly promoted the development of natural language processing (NLP)
We show that M6 outperforms the baselines in multimodal downstream tasks, and the large M6 with 10 parameters can reach a better performance
We propose a method called M6 that is able to process information of multiple modalities and perform both single-modal and cross-modal understanding and generation
The model is scaled to large model with 10 billion parameters with sophisticated deployment, and the 10 -parameter M6-large is the largest pretrained model in Chinese
Experimental results show that our proposed M6 outperforms the baseline in a number of downstream tasks concerning both single modality and multiple modalities We will continue the pretraining of extremely large models by increasing data to explore the limit of its performance

Upload PDF to Generate Summary

Must-Reading Tree

Example

Generate MRT to find the research sequence of this paper