Heart rate variability in school-age children born moderate-to-late preterm

Background: Prematurity is associated with reduced cardiac autonomic function. This study aimed to investigate the heart rate variability (HRV) in school -age children born moderately to late preterm (MLPT). Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated school -age children, aged 5 to 10 years, born moderate -to -late preterm. Electrocardiograms recordings were performed during fifteen-minutes. Time and frequency domain parameters were calculated, corrected for heart rate and compared between the groups. Results: A total of 123 children were evaluated and 119 were included in this study. HRV measures, studied in the time and frequency domains, were similar in both groups. Corrected values of root mean square of successive differences between normal cycles (RMSSD), percentage of successive cycles with a duration difference >50 ms (pNN50%), and high frequency (HF), indices that predominantly represent the parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system, were 1.6E-7 and 1.8E-7 (p=0.226); 1.6E-13 and 1.6E-13 (p=0.506); 6.9E-12 and 7.4E-12 (p=0.968) in the preterm and control groups, respectively. Conclusion: This study did not find differences in heart rate variability between school -age children born MLPT and those born at term, suggesting that plasticity of cardiac autonomic modulation continues to occur in children up to school age or there is less impairment of the autonomic system in MLPT.