Modified Steady-State Power Flow for Grid with High Penetration of Inverter-Based Resource

As the penetration level of renewable energy resources increases, the analysis of modern power systems is made more complex by the dominance of inverter-based resources (IBRs). High penetration of IBRs leads to different dynamic responses compared to the conventional power system dominated by synchronous generators (SGs). Therefore, the conventional steady-state analysis that targets the SG-based power system needs revision to account for IBRs' dynamic behaviors. To this end, this paper proposes a practical method of steady-state analysis for a power system with a high penetration of IBRs. The proposed steady-state analysis utilizes a governor power flow tool and a proposed algorithm for a bulk power system with high penetration of IBRs. The results of the proposed method are compared with those of an electromagnetic power system simulation to demonstrate its validity.