Bioactive Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles Loaded Calcein under GelMA Scaffolds Promoted Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis for Bone Regeneration

In regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, the repair and replacement of damaged or lost bone tissue remains an enduring challenge. Traditional approaches often fail to achieve desired outcomes, but recent advancements in material science have introduced innovative solutions to this issue. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), which is derived from gelatin, has a unique combination of biocompatibility and tunable physical properties for bone tissue engineering applications. In this study, a novel composite was constructed to combine the characteristics of GelMA and bioactive layered double hydroxide (LDH) loaded calcein. The GelMA-LDH-calcein (GLC) scaffold is designed to promote the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and provide a microenvironment conducive to osteogenic differentiation, ultimately increasing the osteogenic activity to support bone regeneration. Our data demonstrated that GLC promoted the osteogenic differentiation related gene (ALP, Runx2, and OPG) expression in bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) and angiogenesis of human vascular epithelial cells (HUVECs), making it particularly valuable in the application of bone regeneration in vivo. Through the design, synthesis, and optimization of GLC composites, the optimized scaffolds can provide structure supporting and biological activity for cell proliferation, which promoted bone defect regeneration and could be used for further clinical applications.