Investigating the Cytotoxic Effect of Urolithin B and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized from Aloe Vera Plant on Brain Cancer Cell Colony (U87MG)

Background: Brain cancer is one of the types of cancer that appears with the growth of cancer cells in the brain. In this experimental study, we investigated and compared the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the green method from Aloe vera with urolithin B on U87MG cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cerium oxide nanoparticles were produced by the green synthesis method from the Aloe vera plant and confirmed by nanoparticle size characterization tests and an FESEM microscope. The U87MG cells were obtained from Pasteur Institute of Tehran, Iran, and after passage, they were treated with cerium oxide nanoparticles and urolithin B drug for 72 h and cell colonies for 15 days. Results: The IC50 of cancer cells in the MTT test for urolithin B and cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by green method from Aloe vera plant with urolithin B were 170 μM and 135 μM, respectively. In addition, the survival percentage results from the clonogenic test at a concentration of 30 μM for cerium oxide nanoparticles (78%), urolithin B(61%), and cerium oxide nanoparticles with urolithin B(30%), and for a concentration of 60 μM, it was 60, 42, and 16%, respectively. Conclusion: Urolithin B has a higher cytotoxic effect (170μM) than cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the green method from the Aloe vera plant, and when combined with cerium oxide nanoparticles, this cytotoxic effect increased more (135μM). It also reduced the survival percentage of colonies within 15 days of treatment.