Analysis of internal flow characteristics of squirrel-cage fan with multi-directional air intake impeller

The separate flow in the inlet region of the squirrel-cage fan, caused by airflow steering, hinders the further improvement of internal flow state and aerodynamic performance. This study proposes a multi-directional air intake design of the impeller to solve this problem. Specifically, a new parameter known as D* is introduced in this study to represent the axial air intake parameter of the impeller. Subsequently, the key parameters of the multi-directional air intake impeller (D*, entrance blade angle, exit blade angle) are optimally designed using an orthogonal experimental and CFD numerical simulation. These results are further validated through experi-mentation, demonstrating that a well-designed multi-directional air intake impeller can increase the fan's air volume, total pressure, and total efficiency by 27.3%, 12.6%, and 5.2%, respectively. Furthermore, it has been observed that the inclusion of an axial air intake in the impeller diminishes the impact of the entrance blade angle on fan efficiency. When evaluating different-sized models, the influence of the axial dimensionless parameter D* on the fan total efficiency shows a consistent pattern, which is worth noting that the efficiency does not necessarily increase with increasing values of D*, but rather the fan efficiency peaks when D* is approximately 0.5. The analysis of the flow field and entropy generation inside the fan reveal that the design can weaken the separation vortex at the inlet and shift the position of vortex core towards the impeller's leading edge, so as to eclectically enhance the uniformity of the impeller inlet and outlet, ultimately optimizing the aerodynamic characteristics within the fan. This study presents a novel approach to controlling the inlet separation flow of a squirrel-cage fan and provides a reference to elucidate the mechanism of internal flow evolution with the multi-directional air intake impeller.