A hot tearing propagation model for steel

Hot tearing is a significant challenge in material preparation process, including high-performance alloy casting, large ingot production and additive manufacturing, etc. However, the propagation process of hot tears, especially in steel, is still unclear at present. This study proposed a new model for hot tearing propagation that considers the energy balance, the relationship between the propagating mode and the growth rate of hot tears when they undergo irreversible and rapid propagation. To evaluate this model, a new testing device was developed and the hot tearing behaviors of low and high carbon steels were observed. The tests demonstrated a notable correlation with the model. Furthermore, a new criterion for propagation of hot tearing was put forward. This work provides a more comprehensive physical model and criteria for simulating and predicting the formation of hot tears.