Cooperative interaction between Cu and sulfur vacancies in SnS₂ nanoflowers for highly efficient nitrate electroreduction to ammonia

In this work, co-introduced Cu and sulfur vacancies cooperate to improve the NO 3 RR performance of pristine–SnS 2 . Cu-doped SnS 2 with abundant sulfur vacancies (Cu-SnS 2− x ) achieves a superior NH 3 yield of 0.63 mmol h −1 mg cat −1 and faradaic efficiency of 93.8% at −0.7 V vs. RHE.