A COnsensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement INstruments Systematic Review of Orthognathic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures

This systematic review aimed to identify and appraise the validity studies of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) reporting the outcomes of combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgery in treating dentofacial deformity.The search strategy was conducted using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Systematic Review methodology. The following databases were searched for original studies outlining the development and/or validation of PROMs produced to measure the outcomes of combined orthognathic-orthodontic treatment: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycInfo and Scopus. Publications were limited to the English language. Eligibility criteria were applied when considering the studies. Primarily, the psychometric properties and quality of orthognathic-specific PROMs were investigated. Screening of eligible studies was conducted independently by 2 reviewers. Assessment of the methodological quality of the studies and data extraction was conducted by 1 reviewer and assisted by a second reviewer. The COSMIN methodology guided data extraction and analysis, which were divided into 3 stages-a synopsis of studies, evaluation of methodological quality, and summary of evidence.A total of 8695 papers were found; 12 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Regarding the COSMIN Checklist for Assessing Study Qualities, there was evidence that the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire was the most extensively tested orthognathic-specific PROM in the current literature. The reported evidence was incomplete, as not all psychometric properties had been reliably tested.Clinicians must use validated PROMs when analyzing patient-reported outcomes. The Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire was shown to be the highest quality orthognathic-specific PROM in the literature but requires contemporary evaluation to suitably reflect the COSMIN guidance.