Circulating Levels of Lipoprotein Lipase and Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored High-Density Lipoprotein Binding Protein 1: New Markers for Cardiovascular Diseases among Noncommunicable Diseases: a Brief Narrative Review

Background and Objective: Despite optimal statin treatment, the risk of cardiovascular disease persists. Higher circulating triglyceride levels are linked to the development of cardiovascular disease. Clinical trials are currently being conducted to determine the efficacy of promoters of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. However, the clinical significance of measuring plasma and serum LPL concentrations is unknown. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central databases were scoured for English publications using the following keywords: triglyceride; lipoprotein lipase (LPL); glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1); chylomicron (CM); very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL); heparin; noncommunicable disease; insulin resistance; diabetes mellitus; pre-diabetes; cardiovascular disease; diagnosis; and prognosis. Key Content and Findings: LPL activity is highly regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. The circulating levels of LPL show a negative relationship with triglycerides and HbA1c and a positive relationship with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and adiponectin. Circulating LPL levels are significantly reduced in arteriosclerotic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The clinical significance of pre-heparin LPL measurement must be determined to assess the efficacy of triglyceride lowing drugs. Conclusions: Circulating LPL levels are linked to lipid parameters and are reduced in arteriosclerotic diseases; however, the regulatory mechanism of circulating LPL levels is unknown.