Soil microbiology

Soil is a complex and dynamic habitat for various microorganisms. Soil micro-flora plays important role in nutrient cycling including nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling as well as maintaining the ecosystem by degrading soil organic matter, nitrogen fixation and removal of toxins. These microbes also play important role in maintaining soil health. Microbial diversity in the soil is highly versatile and responsible for producing various enzymes such as dehydrogenase, alkaline, and acid phosphatase that are used as biological indicators.