Role of GATA-3 Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma and ITS Correlation with P53 by Immunohistochemistry

Background and Objectives: Urothelial carcinomas are known for divergent differentiation, which often poses diagnostic challenges. The use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers helps in differentiating these entities and provides insight into tumor pathogenesis. This study is done with the objective of evaluating significant clinicopathological and histomorphological features of urothelial carcinoma and correlating with GATA-3 and P53 staining. Materials and Methods: A total of 59 cases of urothelial tumors were included in this prospective study. Tissue samples were processed, and H and E-stained slides were evaluated and reported as per the WHO/International Society of Urologic Pathology Classification of bladder tumor 2016. IHC for GATA-3 and p53 was performed using respective monoclonal primary antibodies for GATA-3 and p53. Statistical Analysis: The correlation between GATA-3 and other classical clinicopathological parameters was studied by Chi-square test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the present study, out of 59 cases, there was a male preponderance with an M: F ratio of 7.4:1 and an age range of 25–85 years. High-grade urothelial carcinoma was the most common histologic subtype. GATA-3 expression was seen in 93.2% of cases. There was a statistically significant correlation of GATA-3 expression with hematuria and dysuria. GATA-3 expression was compared with significant histopathological parameters and a significant correlation of the above parameters with GATA-3 expression was observed. High P53 expression was seen in the majority of high-grade tumors, with only a single case of low-grade UC showing strong P 53 reactivity. Conclusion: GATA-3 is a sensitive IHC marker to diagnose urothelial carcinoma. GATA-3 expression intensity and proportion show significant association with histopathological parameters and may play an important role in stratifying high-risk patients.