Gray Wolf Optimizer with Communication Strategy Based on DV-Hopfor Nodes Location ofWireless Sensor Networks

Abstract Node localization has been one of the critical and significant research problems in wireless sensornetworks (WSN). The DV-Hop method determines the location of an unknown node based onthe anchor node location and the multi-hop forwarding principle, but the method falls far shortof satisfactory localization accuracy. Therefore, an improved Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO) withcommunication strategy (IGWO-CS) is proposed in this paper. A convergence function based onthe sine function is proposed to eliminate the limitation of the convergence factor 𝑎 on the searchability of the GWO algorithm. A communication strategy based on Lévy flight is designed, which canimprove the efficiency of information interaction between wolves 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛿 while also improving thesearch accuracy and convergence speed. Extensive experimental results on 23 well-known benchmarkfunctions and unknown nodes location in WSN demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IGWO-CS method and also show sufficient competitiveness compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms,while the proposed IGWO-CS algorithm can achieve satisfactory performance in a short time.