THE PROFILE OF HYPERTENSION IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS PATIENTS

Objective: Hypertension (HT) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 80% of cases. This association is explained by the same risk factors shared by these two pathologies, essentially obesity, lack of physical activity and smoking. The aim of our work is to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of hypertension in type 2 diabetes patients at the first nephrology consultation. Design and method: It's a retrospective study of 42 patients with type 2 diabetes followed at the nephrology consultation of Mongi Slim Hospital over a period of three years (January 2013 - December 2016). HT was classified according to the ESH / ESC recommendations of 2021. Results: The study included 25 men and 17 women with a mean age of 63.3 [31-80]. At the first consultation, 88% of our patients had hypertension with a sex ratio M/F of 1.3. The duration of the HT was 98 months [0-300] and that of the T2D was 170 months [2-480]. The diagnosis of HT and T2D was made at the same time in 7 patients (16.6%). In 8 patients (19.04%), HT preceded T2D. HT was classified as grade 1 in 8 patients (19%), grade 2 in 12 patients (28.6%), grade 3 in 6 patients (14.3%) and systolic HT in 9 patients (21.4%). Fourteen patients were on dual therapy, 12 patients were on triple therapy including a renin angiotensin system blocker and 2 were on quadruple therapy including a loop diuretic. The mean systolic blood pressure was 161.78 mm Hg, 152.91 mm Hg and 175 mm Hg respectively and the mean diastolic pressure was 80.35 mm Hg, 68.75 mm Hg and 85 mm Hg respectively. Conclusions: Hypertension is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes. It increases the cardiovascular risk of type 2 diabetes patients. Thus, early diagnosis and good control of hypertension are of paramount importance.