Neurodevelopmental Implications on Urological Self-management among People Living with Spina Bifida: A Practical Guide for Urology Providers

Although folic acid fortification and advances in prenatal repair have reduced Spina Bifida (SB) prevalence and the severity of comorbidities, individuals with SB remain at elevated risk for neurocognitive impairments that studies have shown can negatively impact, among other things, urological self-care. Identifying and addressing these impairments with practical interventions can meaningfully improve long-term outcomes for individuals with SB. We review neurocognitive impairments associated with SB and provide practical solutions to support improvement of long-term urological outcomes. Although folic acid fortification and advances in prenatal repair have reduced Spina Bifida (SB) prevalence and the severity of comorbidities, individuals with SB remain at elevated risk for neurocognitive impairments that studies have shown can negatively impact, among other things, urological self-care. Identifying and addressing these impairments with practical interventions can meaningfully improve long-term outcomes for individuals with SB. We review neurocognitive impairments associated with SB and provide practical solutions to support improvement of long-term urological outcomes.