Experimental Sociology

This chapter highlights key features of the experimental method in sociology. Sociologists have a long history of conducting experiments. These allow one to establish causal relationships, test micro-macro sociological theories, unravel mechanism-based explanations, and search for empirical regularities. Yet, the popularity of experimental research in sociology falls short of other social sciences. Research validity, and especially the balance between internal and external validity remain highly contested. In search of a balance, the chapter emphasizes the importance of reflecting upon whether the experimental research aims to test a theory or to establish empirical regularities. In addition, the chapter points to recent developments towards solid replication of experimental research and stronger overall validity. Such developments include the incorporation of experimental techniques in surveys, exchanges with other experimental disciplines, and cross-validation by combining complementary methods and with samples from various populations and across different contexts.