Integrating Plant and Fungal Quantitative Genetics to Improve the Ecological and Agricultural Applications of Mycorrhizal Symbioses.

Finding and targeting genes that quantitatively contribute to agricultural and ecological processes progresses food production and conservation efforts. Typically, quantitative genetic approaches link variants in a single organism’s genome with a trait of interest. Recently, genome-to-genome mapping has found genome variants interacting between species to produce the result of a multiorganism (including multikingdom) interaction. These were plant and bacterial pathogen genome interactions; plant–fungal coquantitative genetics have not yet been applied. Plant–mycorrhizae symbioses exist across most biomes, for a majority of land plants, including crop plants, and manipulate many traits from single organisms to ecosystems for which knowing the genetic basis would be useful. The availability of Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhizal isolates, with genomic information, makes dual-genome methods with beneficial mutualists accessible and imminent.