Potential Eco-friendly Techniques for the Management of Organic Pollutants from Industry Effluents

Bioremediation techniques have become noticeable and valuable tools to reduce, reuse, and recycle different industrial effluents through eco-friendly practices. Industries are well known to release anthropogenic-related chemicals into the environment over the century and consequences are witnessed as contamination of soil, water, and air, respectively. The untreated or impertinently treated wastewater effluents are known to be toxic to plants and animals, including humans that lead to negative impacts on the earth. Remediation has emerged for degrading contaminants using physical, chemical, and biological methods. Bioremediation techniques are used nowadays around the world meticulously. It is technology based along with the combined action of plants and associated microbial communities to degrade, remove, transform, or immobilize toxic compounds in effluents. This chapter discusses the classes of organic effluents, toxicological mechanism, and its environmental impact and also emphasizes the current and advanced eco-friendly techniques in the remediation of organic effluents through microbial, algal bioremediation and phytoremediation. Bioremediation techniques are potential, cost-effective, and in addition to that remains as a solution to the challenge of treating many classes of contaminants, compared to the conventional chemical and physical methods, which are often very expensive and ineffective compared to biological methods.