Paediatrics

Abstract Chapter 21 discusses the role of imaging in paediatric oncology, and covers central nervous system (CNS) and renal tumours, neuroblastoma, lymphoma, primary bone tumours (osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma), and soft tissue sarcomas, including rhabdomyosarcoma and other types. In the management of children’s cancers, diagnostic imaging and interventional radiology have several roles, which include assessment of suspicious lesions to provide a differential diagnosis and guide a biopsy procedure, determination of the local extent of disease and the presence of nodal or distant metastases for the purposes of staging and risk stratification, response assessment, target volume and organ at risk delineation for radiotherapy, management of complications and late effects, and post-treatment surveillance. Active involvement of paediatric radiologists as full members of the paediatric oncology multidisciplinary team is essential to get the best value for patients from imaging studies.