Interplay among turbulence, flow and impurities for sustaining magnetic island

As ubiquitous structures in magnetized fusion plasmas, magnetic islands (MIs) would short-circuit adjacent magnetic flux surfaces and result in a reduced pressure gradient and fluctuations inside the island; it is widely accepted that due to the stabilizing of drift wave instability, the turbulence intensity inside MIs is much lower for larger islands. Here, we provide the first observations that strong turbulence could be generated inside a large radiation MI, which is probably driven by the electron temperature dip due to strongly localized impurity radiation. Moreover, the flow velocity inside the MI is strongly correlated with the turbulence intensity, and the impurity concentration rate suddenly increases as the flow velocity reaches a threshold value, strongly suggesting that turbulence and flow inside the island play important roles in trapping heavy impurities and sustaining radiative MIs.