Antibacterial Potentiality of Isatin-Containing Hybrid Derivatives

Antibiotics are critical in the management of a variety of bacterial infections, however, repeated infections produced by relentless bacteria are obstructing effective infection treatment and it is the most significant and vexing problem at the moment. Medicinal chemists face a difficult problem in developing appropriate lead compounds for various diseases, isatin and its hybrids would be one of them due to its versatility in many medications and its derivatives exhibit an extensive variety of structural and mechanistic properties. This review looks at the isatin hybrids that have probable antibacterial action. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) and the way of producing action are also examined in order to locate the course for the intent and expansion of isatin hybrids by means of increased efficacy, reduced toxicity and good pharmacokinetic profiles. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that 3-hydrazone, imine, spiro, oxindole, guanidino and N-alkyl, aryl, acyl substituted isatin hybrids with electronegative groups on other heterocycles have improved bactericidal activity. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of isatin is dependent on the binding linkage, such as amide (NHCO), carbonyl (CO) or other hetero atom-containing linkers that have improved antibacterial activity. This review gives an idea and scope for the synthesis of novel isatin-containing heterocyclics with the goal of having potent bactericidal activity.