Sources, Extractions and Applications of Bio-Maker Collagen–a Review

Essentially cell forming and vigorous conjunctive tissues such as skin, joints, ligaments, and bones are expressed as fibril forming the most abundant protein collagen in the human body substantially about one-quarter by weight. Additionally, amongst the biopolymers, the collagen macromolecule is serving humanity in myriad ways. Although it has been used in cosmetics for a long time, nowadays its biological characteristics like nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, structural integrity, cellular affinity and weak antigenicity have encouraged using of it significantly in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Its excellent biodegradability and notable bioactivity by endogenous collagenases enzyme convert exogenous collagen for biomedical use. Triple helix 29 collagen composed of three α-chain characteristic variants, type I is the most suitable extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecule gradually consumed thickness and strength with time being, can be correlated with skin aging phenomena. This review focuses on the sources, structures, extractions, and properties (e.g., bioactive, mechanical, viscoelastic, tensile, etc.) of collagen proteins for use in biomedical applications. The abundance of collagen protein from a natural source can be effectively used in human tissue scaffolds, cardiac implantation, wound healin g, cornea membranes, dental membrane, dermal filler, cosmetic surgery, etc. as highlighted in this review. The application-based advantages and disadvantages of body-suits collagen are also discussed with prospects.