Passivated Bi2Se3 Electrode in Na2CO3 Solution to Improve Anode Efficiency in Aqueous Li-ion Batteries

Efficient anode materials are crucial for the success of aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs) since many materials degrade significantly during electrochemical reactions. In this study, the modification of Bi2Se3 with Na2CO3 was explored to enhance the charge-discharge characteristics of the anode. The passivated Bi2Se3 electrode exhibited improved electrochemical performance, maintaining high charge and discharge capacities of 816 mAh & sdot;g- 1 after the 5th cycle and 570 mAh & sdot;g- 1 after the 100th cycle with stable Coulombic efficiency of 98.0 +/- 1.2 %. Charge-discharge profiles and cyclic voltammetry revealed the lithium intercalation and deintercalation, while impedance spectroscopy indicated changes in the electrode structure during cycling. These findings highlight the potential of using Bi2Se3 electrodes with a pre-formed surface film to enhance the stability and performance of ALIBs.