Influencing factors and environmental feasibility analysis of agricultural waste preprocessing routes towards biofuel production - A review

Valorizing the production of massive amounts of agricultural waste into valuable products is an immediate concern for environmental protection and bioeconomy advancement. Recently, agricultural waste has become a popular raw material for bioethanol production could reduce environmental pollution and strengthen the local circular bioeconomy. Its preprocessing is an essential and critical step in making the free carbohydrate molecules for the final conversion. Major influencing preprocessing factors are the nature of biomass, feed loading, operating pH, temperature, and time. The merits and demerits of each preprocessing method in different aspects should be well studied before selecting them to obtain a maximum yield of fermentable sugars. Hence, this review provides comprehensive information on potential agricultural waste availability, chemical composition, and various preprocessing techniques. In addition, the essential factors influencing preprocessing performance and the environmental feasibility of biomass conversion into value-added products are discussed in detail.